EBM solutions with T₂– (orange), h₂– (purple), and combined T₂, h₂– (brown) dependent diffusivity [Eq. (3)]. (a),(c),(e) Change in temperature ΔT vs latitude for numerical solutions [Eq. (1); black and colored lines] and analytic theory (gray lines) for different values of exponent k of Eq. (3) indicated in the legend. (b) ΔT₂ vs k for numerical solutions [Eq. (1)] and the analytic theory [Eq. (19) scaled by ΔT₀]. (d) Δh₂ vs k for numerical solutions [Eq. (1)] and the analytic theory [Eq. (20) scaled by ΔT₀]. (f) Percentage change in the diffusivity $\mathcal{D}$ per kelvin vs k for numerical solutions [Eq. (1)] and the analytic theory [Eq. (21)]. See section 4b of the text for the detailed calculations of the theoretical estimates of ΔT in (a), (c), and (e).

Citation: Journal of Climate 36, 22; 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0121.1