Schematic diagram of two different midlatitude circulation responses to warming: (a) a case where midlatitude DH shifts upward and poleward and slightly strengthens and (b) a case where midlatitude DH sharply increases and shifts upward in the midtroposphere. In case (a), the EDJ and the Ferrel cell streamfunction shift poleward with the EHF in response to climate change, whereas in case (b), the EDJ and the Ferrel cell rising branch shift equatorward, while the EHF shifts poleward. The relation between the DH response and the EDJ shift is explained based on the heat and momentum balance constraints (see text).
Citation: Journal of Climate 37, 10; 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0345.1
