The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has unveiled a record-breaking cosmic map, charting over 800,000 galaxies beyond the Milky Way in a mission that stretches the boundaries of astronomical research.
It marks the most detailed and expansive map of the distant universe ever produced.
The findings come from the COSMOS-Web project, a deep field survey covering just 0.54 square degrees of sky, yet offering a window into 98% of the universe’s history.
Conducted over 255 hours of continuous observation, the COSMOS-Web survey used JWST’s advanced infrared sensors to peer across space and time.
Webb observed these little green galaxies in Pandora’s Cluster. Were they the cause of a massive cosmic makeover?
In the universe’s first billion years, it was immersed in a fog of neutral hydrogen gas. Today, this gas is ionized (stripped of its electrons). Which cosmic objects… pic.twitter.com/5DJ8NjxlIn
— NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb) June 12, 2025
Unlike visible light telescopes such as Hubble, JWST detects ancient infrared light—light stretched by the expansion of the universe and invisible to standard optical instruments.
“This project allows us to see galaxies and supermassive black holes not even visible with Hubble,” said Professor Caitlin Casey, one of the lead researchers. “We’re not just seeing more galaxies—we’re seeing entirely different types than ever before.”
The data reveals an unexpectedly dense population of galaxies in the early universe—up to 10 times more than anticipated within the first 500 million years after the Big Bang.
In some cases, galaxies appear just 300 million years after the universe began, offering a glimpse into the earliest stages of cosmic formation.
The COSMOS-Web initiative also stands out for its commitment to open science. After two years of data processing, the entire dataset is now available publicly.
This transparency allows not just specialists, but also students and independent researchers to study and interpret the universe’s infancy.
The implications of the discovery are wide-ranging.
From providing insights into the formation of early galaxies and black holes to enabling future research into cosmic structure, COSMOS-Web may serve as a foundational reference for years to come.
With JWST continuing its mission, astronomers anticipate even more breakthroughs as they trace the evolution of the universe—from the smallest galaxies to the vast structures shaping space as we know it.
