A conceptual model of water vapor transport under the influence of BoB TCs in early summer. An easterly water vapor backflow (orange arrow) to the eastern TP occurs near the surface at the eastern boundary. The positive water vapor inflow anomaly center at the southern boundary is located in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon (red star). A stronger water vapor convergence center also forms in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, which serves as the point of the southerly water vapor jet turning to the westerly one. A zonal shear line (black dashed line) with an anomalous northerly wind (thin blue arrow) and southerly wind (thin blue arrow) convergence occurs near the surface over the central TP. There is an upper-level westerly jet (green curved arrow) in the upper troposphere over the TP. During TC activity, the vertical circulation structures of lower-level convergence and upper-level divergence on the southern slope of the TP and over the TP respectively occur on the southerly warm and moist airflow transporting band (orange curved arrow) in front of the southern branch trough (brown curve) and on the western side of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WPSH; yellow curve), and the warm and moist airflow near the BoB TCs (red typhoon symbol) is lifted by TCs and then climbs up to the TP by two uplift processes (purple arrows), causing significant positive water vapor and heat anomalies (white dotted circle) in the middle and upper troposphere over the southeastern TP. The figure background is modified from https://www.shutterstock.com/zh-Hant/g/antartis.

Citation: Journal of Climate 37, 9; 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0102.1