Schematic diagrams showing the physical processes for the modulation of the spring AL on the relationship between spring PMM and succedent winter ENSO. Red and blue shading indicates warm and cold SST anomalies, respectively. The terms “C” and “AC” indicate anomalous cyclone and anticyclone, respectively. Blue arrows indicate atmospheric anomalies generated by spring NWP SST anomalies. Red arrows represent the spring PMM-related zonal wind anomalies over tropical western Pacific.
Citation: Journal of Climate 37, 11; 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0440.1
