Saudi authorities are deploying drones, artificial intelligence, and advanced surveillance technologies during Haj to monitor crowds, detect violations, and prevent unauthorised entry into the holy sites, the Saudi newspaper Okaz said on Friday.

The report said the technologies form part of an integrated security and organisational system aimed at ensuring the safety of millions of pilgrims who gather annually in the holy sites.

Saudi authorities are using drones to track and apprehend violators of Haj regulations, alongside fixed-wing aircraft tasked with monitoring illegal entry attempts into the holy sites under the slogan “No Haj without a permit,” according to the report.

The newspaper said drones help security forces monitor large areas quickly and efficiently, allowing field teams to receive immediate alerts about suspicious movements and infiltration attempts.

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The system also includes smart surveillance networks, high-resolution cameras, and thermal imaging devices.

Authorities are also relying on AI-powered crowd analysis systems to predict congestion before it occurs and redirect pilgrims away from overcrowded routes, while facial recognition technology is being used to identify individuals and to strengthen security measures.