Time–height plots of (a) the MRR reflectivity and (b) mean Doppler velocity (defined positive upward at DDU between 15 and 20 Mar. Vertical colored lines indicate the official time of the radiosoundings, but note that balloons are launched ∼1 h earlier. The thin gray line is the cloud-base height detected by the ceilometer. Also shown are the vertical profiles of (c) temperature, (d) relative humidity, (e) wind speed, and (f) wind direction from radiosoundings. The horizontal gray line indicates the altitude of the highest radar gate. Altitudes on the y axes are above ground level.
Citation: Journal of Climate 37, 3; 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0176.1